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Probability theory began in seventeenth century France when the two great French mathematicians, Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat, corresponded over two prob- lems from games of chance. Problems like those Pascal and Fermat solved continued to influence such early researchers as Huygens, Bernoulli, and DeMoivre in estab- lishing a mathematical theory of probability. Today, probability theory is a well- established branch of mathematics that finds applications in every area of scholarly activity from music to physics, and in daily experience from weather prediction to predicting the risks of new medical treatments.

Gamma-ray astronomy has undergone an enormous progress in the last 15 years. The success of satellite experiments like NASA's Comp­ ton Gamma-Ray Observatory and ESA's INTEGRAL mission, as well as of ground-based instruments have open new views into the high-energy Universe. Different classes of cosmic gamma-ray sources have been now detected at different energies, in addition to young radio pulsars and gamma-ray bursts, the classical ones.

by Intravenous Queen

The art of choral composition had become an estab-lished tradition in Switzerland by the 19th Century at the latest. It is no wonder, therefore, that the genre accompanied Frank Martin throughout his creative life, from the motetPourquoi voient-ils le jour?written in 1909 when he was just 19 years old, until his final cantata,Et la vie l'emporta, composed in 1974, a few months before his death. It inspired some of his most notable masterpieces (the Mass for Double Choir,Le vin herbe,In Terra Pax,Golgotha, among others), but he also produced a wealth of exquisite small-scale choral works.

The art of choral composition had become an estab­lished tradition in Switzerland by the 19th Century at the latest. It is no wonder, therefore, that the genre accompanied Frank Martin throughout his creative life, from the motet Pourquoi voient-ils le jour? written in 1909 when he was just 19 years old, until his final cantata, Et la vie l’emporta, composed in 1974, a few months before his death. It inspired some of his most notable masterpieces (the Mass for Double Choir, Le vin herbé, In Terra Pax, Golgotha, among others), but he also produced a wealth of exquisite small-scale choral works.

The Siemens Digital Industries Software development team is pleased to announce the availability of NX 1942 Build 2801 (NX 1926 Series), the latest release of NX, which brings significant new and enhanced functionality in all areas of the product to help you work more productively to build your 3D digital twin.

This book, which is a rrMsion and extension of the original edition publi­ shed in 1996 (see [2D with the German title Mathematik mit MA'nfCAD (Mathematics Using MA'nfCAD), discusses the use of the program system MAlHCAD® to solve mathematical problems with computers. The book is based on the current MA'nfCAD Version 8 Professional for WINDOWS 95/98 (see [5D.

The subject of partial differential equations holds an exciting and special position in mathematics. Partial differential equations were not consciously created as a subject but emerged in the 18th century as ordinary differential equations failed to describe the physical principles being studied. The subject was originally developed by the major names of mathematics, in particular, Leonard Euler and Joseph-Louis Lagrange who studied waves on strings; Daniel Bernoulli and Euler who considered potential theory, with later developments by Adrien-Marie Legendre and Pierre-Simon Laplace; and Joseph Fourier's famous work on series expansions for the heat equation. Many of the greatest advances in modern science have been based on discovering the underlying partial differential equation for the process in question. J ames Clerk Maxwell, for example, put electricity and magnetism into a unified theory by estab­ lishing Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic theory, which gave solutions for problems in radio wave propagation, the diffraction of light and X-ray developments. Schrodinger's equation for quantum mechankal processes at the atomic level leads to experimentally verifiable results which have changed the face of atomic physics and chemistry in the 20th century. In fluid mechanics, the Navier-Stokes' equations form a basis for huge number-crunching activities associated with such widely disparate topics as weather forcasting and the design of supersonic aircraft. Inevitably the study of partial differential equations is a large undertaking, and falls into several areas of mathematics.