Cosmic Rays i Kosmische Strahlung i

It turned out to be really a rare and happy occasion that we know exact1y when and how a new branch of space physics was born, namely, a physics of solar cosmic rays. It happened on February 28 and March 7, 1942 when the fIrst "cosmic ray bursts" were recorded on the Earth, and the Sun was unambiguously identifIed for the fIrst time as the source of high-velocity 10 particles with energies up to > 10 eV. Just due to such a high energy these relativistic particles have been called "solar cosmic rays" (SCR), in distinction from the "true" cosmic rays of galactic origin.

Cosmic rays consist of elementary particles with enormous energy which originate from outside our solar system and constantly hit the Earth’s atmosphere. Where do these cosmic rays originate? How does nature accelerate the cosmic-ray particles to energies with orders of magnitude beyond the limits of manmade particle accelerators? What can we learn by measuring the interactions of the cosmic rays with the atmosphere? Digital radio-antenna arrays offer a promising, complementary measurement method for high-energy cosmic rays. This thesis reports on substantial advances in the development of the radio technique, which will be used to address these questions in future experiments.

This volume is dedicated to different astrophysical model scenarios to describe cosmic rays evolution.

This thesis addresses the feasibility of the production of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in starburst galaxies and active galactic nuclei. These astrophysical objects were theoretically proposed as candidate sources a long time ago. Nevertheless, the interest in them has been recently renewed due to the observational data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. In this work, a comprehensive review of the current status of the research on cosmic rays accelerators is provided, along with a summary of the principal concepts needed to connect these relativistic particles with electromagnetic and neutrino observations in the multi-messenger era.

This volume is dedicated to different astrophysical model scenarios to describe cosmic rays evolution.

The scope of the book is to give an overview of the history of astroparticle physics, starting with the discovery of cosmic rays (Victor Hess, 1912) and its background (X-ray, radioactivity).

This book presents two candidates for astrophysical accelerators of cosmic rays with petaelectron-volt (PeV) energies in our Galaxy, the so-called PeVatrons, through the observation of sub-PeV gamma rays performed by the Tibet air shower array. The two gamma-ray sources are TASG J1844-038—a newly detected source in this presented work—and HESS J1849-000. Reconstructing their gamma-ray energy spectra up to the sub-PeV range and also analyzing the archive data published by a radio survey, the book discusses in depth the emission mechanisms of the observed gamma rays and suggests that these two gamma-ray sources are candidates for PeVatrons. The results give insights into the population of PeVatron in the Galaxy, which is important to consider their contribution to the PeV cosmic rays observed at the Earth.

Kay Kay and the Rays are a Texas blues band with soul, funk, jazz and roots rock influences fronted by former gospel singer Kay Kay Greenwade. Living Blues recently wrote "Kay Kay Greenwade has established herself as a leading light of contemporary blues". The group first hit the blues charts with the 2001 release Texas Justice which reached #15 on the Living Blues radio airplay report for May 2002. Produced by Johnny Rawls, it was described by Blues Revue as "a seamless blend of blues, soul and funk…one of the most auspicious debuts of the year". The Texas Jusice album opens with the controversial song Lone Star Justice and gave notice the band was going to write about more than traditional blues subjects of lost love, drinking and cheating although they cover those bases as well. The 2003 release, Big Bad Girl, was produced by multiple Grammy winner Jim Gaines. It reached # 10 on the blues charts in October 2003 and was still on the charts at #22 in November. It was the November Bluesville Pick on XM Satellite Radio.