Evolution Gould e Eldredge

Life on Earth: An Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution tackles the critical issue for humanity in the 21st century—our ever more menacing impact on the environment. through three billion years of evolution. How does it work? And why is its continued health critical to the planet and to ourselves?

Un diario trovato nella bottega di un robivecchi da un venditore di falsi mobili d'antiquariato, "porta a galla" la fantastica storia di William Gould. E in questo manoscritto scorre la vita di un ladro, assassino e falsario d'inizio Ottocento, che sconta la sua condanna nella più famigerata colonia penale dell'impero britannico, Sarah Island in Tasmania. Un diario affascinante, scritto con i surrogati d'inchiostro disponibili nel penitenziario, ricci di mare, laudano, interiora di pesci, lapislazzuli, sangue, e scandito dai ritratti di dodici pesci attorno ai quali si intrecciano, caotici e infiniti, i racconti e i ricordi di Gould, i suoi amori proibiti e i suoi sogni impossibili.

On the basis of thermodynamic considerations and the Earth’s historical processes, this book argues the physical inevitability of life’s generation and evolution, i.e., Why did life generate? Why does life evolve? Following an introduction to the problem, the hypothesis “Darwinian Evolution of Molecules” is proposed, which explains how, when, and where life was instigated through successive chemical reactions and the survival of selected molecules.

Genetic algorithms are founded upon the principle of evolution, i.e., survival of the fittest. Hence evolution programming techniques, based on genetic algorithms, are applicable to many hard optimization problems, such as optimization of functions with linear and nonlinear constraints, the traveling salesman problem, and problems of scheduling, partitioning, and control. The importance of these techniques has been growing in the last decade, since evolution programs are parallel in nature, and parallelism is one of the most promising directions in computer science.