Morse Feshbach

This volume explores A.P. Morse’s (1911-1984) development of a formal language for writing mathematics, his application of that language in set theory and mathematical analysis, and his unique perspective on mathematics. The editor brings together a variety of Morse’s works in this compilation, including Morse's book A Theory of Sets, Second Edition (1986), in addition to material from another of Morse’s publications, Web Derivatives, and notes for a course on analysis from the early 1950's. Because Morse provided very little in the way of explanation in his written works, the editor’s commentary serves to outline Morse’s goals, give informal explanations of Morse’s formal language, and compare Morse’s often unique approaches to more traditional approaches. Minor corrections to Morse’s previously published works have also been incorporated into the text, including some updated axioms, theorems, and definitions. The editor’s introduction thoroughly details the corrections and changes made and provides readers with valuable insight on Morse’s methods.

This self-contained treatment of Morse theory focuses on applications and is intended for a graduate course on differential or algebraic topology. The book is divided into three conceptually distinct parts. The first part contains the foundations of Morse theory. The second part consists of applications of Morse theory over the reals, while the last part describes the basics and some applications of complex Morse theory, a.k.a. Picard-Lefschetz theory.

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The book is based on my lecture notes "Infinite dimensional Morse theory and its applications", 1985, Montreal, and one semester of graduate lectures delivered at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1987. Since the aim of this monograph is to give a unified account of the topics in critical point theory, a considerable amount of new materials has been added. Some of them have never been published previously. The book is of interest both to researchers following the development of new results, and to people seeking an introduction into this theory. The main results are designed to be as self-contained as possible. And for the reader's convenience, some preliminary background information has been organized. The following people deserve special thanks for their direct roles in help­ ing to prepare this book. Prof. L. Nirenberg, who first introduced me to this field ten years ago, when I visited the Courant Institute of Math Sciences. Prof. A. Granas, who invited me to give a series of lectures at SMS, 1983, Montreal, and then the above notes, as the primary version of a part of the manuscript, which were published in the SMS collection. Prof. P. Rabinowitz, who provided much needed encouragement during the academic semester, and invited me to teach a semester graduate course after which the lecture notes became the second version of parts of this book. Professors A. Bahri and H. Brezis who suggested the publication of the book in the Birkhiiuser series.

The History of Iris-diagnosis: Before commencing the study of Iris-diagnosis, it is necessary to clarify two terms which are always being confused: Iris-diagnosis and Eye-diagnosis. These two terms are not synonymous. Iris-diagnosis is the observation and diagnosis of disease from the iris, and is sometimes referred to as Iris-copy. Eye-diagnosis is the observation and diagnosis of diseases affecting the whole eye, including the pupil and iris, and the immediately surrounding parts. Strictly speaking, this should be referred to as Ophthalmoscopy.

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