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With the growth of international trade and the advent of financial globalization in the 1970s and 1980s, country risk has become a key notion for economists, financiers, and investors. I define this notion as “any macroeconomic, microeconomic, financial, social, political, institutional, judiciary, climatic, technological, or sanitary risk that affects (or could affect) an investor in a foreign country. Damages may materialize in several ways: financial losses; threat to the safety of the investing company’s employees, clients, or consumers; reputational damage; or loss of a market or supply source.”

Following the introduction of workplace safety legislation, the number of injuries has decreased but in recent years, this decline has plateaued.