Stochastic Differential Equaltions

This book provides a thorough conversation on the underpinnings of Covid-19 spread modelling by using stochastics nonlocal differential and integral operators with singular and non-singular kernels.

Dynamical systems with random influences occur throughout the physical, biological, and social sciences. By carefully studying a randomly varying system over a small time interval, a discrete stochastic process model can be constructed. Next, letting the time interval shrink to zero, an Ito stochastic differential equation model for the dynamical system is obtained.

The numerical analysis of stochastic differential equations differs significantly from that of ordinary differential equations due to peculiarities of stochastic calculus. This book provides an introduction to stochastic calculus and stochastic differential equations, in both theory and applications, emphasising the numerical methods needed to solve such equations. It assumes of the reader an undergraduate background in mathematical methods typical of engineers and physicists, though many chapters begin with a descriptive summary.

In financial and actuarial modeling and other areas of application, stochastic differential equations with jumps have been employed to describe the dynamics of various state variables. The numerical solution of such equations is more complex than that of those only driven by Wiener processes, described in Kloeden & Platen: Numerical Solution of Stochastic Differential Equations (1992).

From the reviews to the first edition: Most of the literature about stochastic differential equations seems to place so much emphasis on rigor and completeness that it scares the nonexperts away. These notes are an attempt to approach the subject from the nonexpert point of view.: Not knowing anything … about a subject to start with, what would I like to know first of all. My answer would be: 1) In what situations does the subject arise ? 2) What are its essential features? 3) What are the applications and the connections to other fields?" The author, a lucid mind with a fine pedagocical instinct, has written a splendid text that achieves his aims set forward above. He starts out by stating six problems in the introduction in which stochastic differential equations play an essential role in the solution. Then, while developing stochastic calculus, he frequently returns to these problems and variants thereof and to many other problems to show how thetheory works and to motivate the next step in the theoretical development. Needless to say, he restricts himself to stochastic integration with respectto Brownian motion. He is not hesitant to give some basic results without proof in order to leave room for "some more basic applications"… It can be an ideal text for a graduate course, but it is also recommended to analysts (in particular, those working in differential equations and deterministic dynamical systems and control) who wish to learn quickly what stochastic differential equations are all about. From: Acta Scientiarum Mathematicarum, Tom 50, 3-4, 1986.

Since the publication of the first edition of the present volume in 1980, the stochastic stability of differential equations has become a very popular subject of research in mathematics and engineering.

Stochastic differential equations have many applications in the natural sciences. Besides, the employment of probabilistic representations together with the Monte Carlo technique allows us to reduce solution of multi-dimensional problems for partial differential equations to integration of stochastic equations. This approach leads to powerful computational mathematics that is presented in the treatise.