Ultra Thin Film Processes For Advanced Devices

This book presents topics on global advancements in theoretical and experimental facts, instrumentation and practical applications of thin-film material perspectives and its applications. The aspect of this book is associated with the thin-film physics, the methods of deposition, optimization parameters and its wide technological application

This book presents and facilitates new research and development results with hot topics in the thermoelectric generators (TEGs) field. Topics include: novel thin film; multilayer, composite and nanostructured thermoelectric materials; simulation of phenomena related to thermoelectricity; thermoelectric thin film and multilayer materials manufacturing technologies; measurement techniques for characterization; thermoelectric generators; and the simulation, modeling, design, thermal, and mechanical degradation problems.

All-solid-state thin-film lithium-ion batteries present a special and especially important version of lithium-ion ones. They are intended for battery-powered integrated circuit cards (smart-cards), radio-frequency identifier (RFID) tags, smart watches, implantable medical devices, remote microsensors and transmitters, Internet of Things systems, and various other wireless devices including smart building control and so on.

This volume provides recent research and trends for thin film materials relevant to energy utilization. This book will significantly stimulate readers to develop new devices.

"You, 0 Sun, are the eye of the world You are the soul of all embodied beings You are the source of all creatures You are the discipline of all engaged in work" - Translated from Mahabharata 3rd Century BC Today, energy is the lifeline and status symbol of "civilized" societies. All nations have therefore embarked upon Research and Development pro­ grams of varying magnitudes to explore and effectively utilize renewable sources of energy. Albeit a low-grade energy with large temporal and spatial variations, solar energy is abundant, cheap, clean, and renewable, and thus presents a very attractive alternative source. The direct conver­ sion of solar energy to electricity (photovoltaic effect) via devices called solar cells has already become an established frontier area of science and technology. Born out of necessity for remote area applications, the first commercially manufactured solar cells - single-crystal silicon and thin film CdS/Cu2S - were available well over 20 years ago.

Two-dimensional materials created ab initio by the process of condensation of atoms, molecules, or ions, called thin films, have unique properties significantly different from the corresponding bulk materials as a result of their physical dimensions, geometry, nonequilibrium microstructure, and metallurgy. Further, these characteristic features of thin films can be drasti­ cally modified and tailored to obtain the desired and required physical characteristics.