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The Fourth International Conference on Automatic Differentiation was held July 20-23 in Chicago, Illinois. The conference included a one day short course, 42 presentations, and a workshop for tool developers. This gathering of auto- matic differentiation researchers extended a sequence that began in Brecken- ridge, Colorado, in 1991 and continued in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1996 and Nice, France, in 2000. We invited conference participants and the general au- tomatic differentiation community to submit papers to this special collection. The 28 accepted papers reflect the state of the art in automatic differentiation.