Critical Realism

Since the spatial and relational turns in the social sciences, it has become self-evident that one needs to combat methodological universalism and nationalism and explain the constitution of space relationally. Following the sociology of knowledge approach, Xiaoxue Gao takes relational spatial theories as `travelling conceptual knowledge', distinguishes them, and reflects on the `epistemic fallacy' which arises from re-contextualising them uncritically in studying contemporary urban space in China.