Heavy

This book covers several topics on heavy metals to enrich our knowledge about their effects, removal, and protection.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of heavy metals including their physiochemical properties, toxicity, transfer in the environment, legislation, environmental impacts, and mitigation measures.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of heavy metals, their impacts on water, soil, food crops, and cosmetics, and techniques for their remediation.

Techniques for viscosity reduction, drag reduction and in-situ upgrading of the crude oil to improve the flow characteristics in pipelines are presented in this book.
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This edited book brings together a diverse group of environmental science, sustainability, and health researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by heavy metals contamination of soil and plants. In recent years, contamination of the environment by heavy metals has become a major concern. Their multiple industrial, domestic, agricultural, medical, and technological applications have led to their wide distribution in the environment, raising concerns over their potential effects on human health and the environment. Owing to their toxic, non-degradable, and bio-accumulative nature, the health burden on the population has increased significantly. Heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, and uranium do not play a significant role in metabolism in the human body and are thus toxic. Their exposure in high concentration can cause acute toxicity resulting in acute health conditions, which is easy to observe and regulate, while similar is not visible for immediate action when their exposure is in trace amounts over the years. Heavy metals enter in the food chain through consumption of plant material. A high concentration of heavy metals has been found to be harmful to vegetation. As the heavy metals concentration in plants increases, it adversely affects several biological parameters and eventually renders the soil barren.

It is our pleasure to present these proceedings from the United Engineering Foundation Conference on The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses and Trains held December 2-6, 2002, in Monterey, California. This Department of Energy, United Engineering Foundation, and industry sponsored conference brought together 90 leading engineering researchers from around the world to discuss the aerodynamic drag of heavy vehicles. Participants from national labs, academia, and industry, including truck manufacturers, discussed how computer simulation and experimental techniques could be used to design more fuel efficient trucks, buses, and trains. Conference topics included comparison of computational fluid dynamics calculations using both steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, large-eddy simulation, and hybrid turbulence models and experimental data obtained from the Department of Energy sponsored and other wind tunnel experiments. Advanced experimental techniques including three-dimensional particle image velocimetry were presented, along with their use in evaluating drag reduction devices. We would like to thank the UEF conference organizers for their dedication and quick response to sudden deadlines. In addition, we would like to thank all session chairs, the scientific advisory committee, authors, and reviewers for their many hours of dedicated effort that contributed to a successful conference and resulted in this document of the conference proceedings. We also gratefully acknowledge the support received from the United Engineering Foundation, the US Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Volvo Trucks America, International Truck and Engine Corporation, and Freightliner LLC.

Nel 2020 l'heavy metal ha festeggiato 50 anni. Ma la voglia di alzare al massimo gli amplificatori non si è certo fermata, anzi, vive e continua tutt'ora. Un bisogno primario, quello di decibel e velocità, potenza espressiva e intensità sonora, che ha fatto la storia degli artisti hard & heavy e del loro pubblico, un universo talmente variegato da tenere insieme Led Zeppelin e Slayer, Queen e Children of Bodom, Metallica, Van Halen, AC/DC, Ozzy Osbourne, Mayhem e Kiss. La nostra storia inizia qualche anno prima del celebre esordio dei Black Sabbath e affonda le sue radici in un gruppo di band inglesi innamorate del blues come Who, Yardbirds e Kinks che, all'epoca del successo dei Beatles, pensano a rendere il suono più potente, sperimentando con distorsioni e attrezzature capaci di sostenere livelli di decibel fino ad allora impensabili..