Nephrology 2022

Written in a succinct question and answer format, this comprehensive book is a resource on all areas of nephrology and common clinical scenarios. The updated volume covers the basic physiology of fluids, electrolytes and acid-base problems, renal disorders and management, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and other essential subjects. The nearly 1000 detailed questions and answers prepare readers for nephrology and internal medicine boards and provide a better understanding of nephrology as a whole. This new edition of Absolute Nephrology Review features the latest evidence and guidelines needed by nephrology fellows, practicing nephrologists, and clinicians.

Our world is facing unprecedented technological development, which affects all the sectors of society. The 4th industrial revolution has brought numerous advances that are currently integrated in our daily life, including artificial intelligence (A.I.), internet of things (IoT), genetic engineering, 3D-printing and robotics. The health care sector is one of the most impacted by these technologies of the so-called digital era. From the simple advent of medical records to robotic surgery, health care has significantly changed from the XX to XXI century and is constantly changing, incorporating novel technologies. Nephrology is itself an innovative branch of medicine, created as a discipline in the 1960s, with breakthrough inventions, such as the dialysis machine, which made it possible to prolong life of those who suffer from chronic kidney disease; kidney transplant, with point-of-care immunosuppression that favours maintenance of kidney allografts for long years; kidney biopsy, which made it possible to discover the mysteries of glomerulonephritis and nephropathology.