Ophthalmology

There are nearly 24,000 ophthalmologists in the United States, with 500 physicians newly entering the ophthalmology field each year and approximately half of those being women. Although women now represent approximately half of all ophthalmologists, gender disparities remain when it comes to certain subspecialties (e.g., surgical retina), leadership roles (e.g., department chairs), industry involvement (e.g., consultancy and advisory board positions), and even academic publications.

The broad field of neuro-ophthalmology encompasses lesions of both the afferent and efferent pathways, which can result from various etiologies: tumoral, paraneoplastic, vascular, inflammatory, infectious, or hereditary, just to name a few.