The Placenta

This is a Biology Course for Students Preparing for Any High School Biology Exams (iGCSE, GCSE, AP Biology & More)

This volume aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the most important physiological and pathophysiological roles of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This book discusses relevant scientific knowledge about the RAS and intends to introduce the reader to cutting-edge research with an accentuation on the mechanisms at the functional/physiological and molecular/cellular levels.

During the mid- to late-twentieth century, study of the physiology of the developing fetus and newborn infant evolved rapidly to become a major discipline in the biomedical sciences. Initially of interest from a standpoint of function of the placenta and oxygenation of the fetus, the field advanced to explore both normal functional mechanisms as well as pathophysiologic aspects of their regulation.

Throughout history, our evolution as a species has been inextricably linked to the foods we eat. It’s a relationship that goes back nearly 2.8 million years to our roots as hunters and gatherers. And it continues to the present day in the form of debates over good nutrition and the future of food on an overpopulated planet.