Tonkünstler Haydn

'When we speak of Joseph Haydn,' wrote Ernst Ludwig Gerber in his Lexicon der Tonkunstler of 1790-92, 'we think of one of our greatest men: great in small things and even greater in large… Everything speaks when he sets his orchestra in motion.' Gerber was among the first to recognise 'new and surprising' traits in Haydn's output, particularly among his Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress) works of the early 1770s. Espousing spontaneity and passion as sources of creativity, Sturm und Drang despised the new rationalism of the Enlightenment, offering darkness and pessimism to counterpoise its orderly logic.

'When we speak of Joseph Haydn,' wrote Ernst Ludwig Gerber in his Lexicon der Tonkunstler of 1790-92, 'we think of one of our greatest men: great in small things and even greater in large… Everything speaks when he sets his orchestra in motion.' Gerber was among the first to recognise 'new and surprising' traits in Haydn's output, particularly among his Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress) works of the early 1770s. Espousing spontaneity and passion as sources of creativity, Sturm und Drang despised the new rationalism of the Enlightenment, offering darkness and pessimism to counterpoise its orderly logic.

'When we speak of Joseph Haydn,' wrote Ernst Ludwig Gerber in his Lexicon der Tonkunstler of 1790-92, 'we think of one of our greatest men: great in small things and even greater in large… Everything speaks when he sets his orchestra in motion.' Gerber was among the first to recognise 'new and surprising' traits in Haydn's output, particularly among his Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress) works of the early 1770s. Espousing spontaneity and passion as sources of creativity, Sturm und Drang despised the new rationalism of the Enlightenment, offering darkness and pessimism to counterpoise its orderly logic.

Joseph Eybler (Joseph Leopold Edler von Eybler to give you the full name) belongs to that unfortunate group of composers who were popular and musically influential while alive but have vanished from the spotlight to become mere historical footnotes. Although Eybler showed early promise as a pianist, he began studying law. However, the family’s fortune was lost when their home burned and it was necessary to abandon law studies and earn his way as a musician. He studied under Albrechtsberger (teacher to Beethoven and Hummel) and Joseph Haydn, to whom he was distantly related.

Joseph Eybler (Joseph Leopold Edler von Eybler to give you the full name) belongs to that unfortunate group of composers who were popular and musically influential while alive but have vanished from the spotlight to become mere historical footnotes. Although Eybler showed early promise as a pianist, he began studying law. However, the family’s fortune was lost when their home burned and it was necessary to abandon law studies and earn his way as a musician. He studied under Albrechtsberger (teacher to Beethoven and Hummel) and Joseph Haydn, to whom he was distantly related. Through Haydn, Eybler met Mozart, who offered further musical instruction. Mozart was so impressed with Eybler’s skills that Eybler assisted with coaching the singers in, and later conducting performances of Cosi fan tutte. Mozart’s widow, Constanze selected Eybler to complete the Requiem after her husband’s death. Speculation continues to surround Eybler’s contribution to the Requiem.

The Russian-born violinist Dmitry Sitkovetsky, who founded the New European Strings Chamber Orchestra in 1990, has enthusiastically practiced the art of transcription for many years, producing more than 25 new string arrangements of chamber and keyboard works. This is Sitkovetsky’s first project for Nonesuch, a creative adaptation of Bach’s Goldberg Variations for strings, cast a fresh light on that formidable monument of keyboard music. The New York Times called it “robust, joyous and full of insight.”

In 1789, a performance of "Messiah" that was to have a radical effect on the course of the oratorio's performance history was given in Vienna. Baron Gottfried Van Swieten, who later translated and edited the text for Haydn's "Creation", had, as a diplomat in London during the late 1760s, become an ardent Handelian. Among other Handel scores, he took back to Austria a copy of the first edition of the full score of "Messiah", published by Randall and Abell in 1767. Beginning with "Judas Maccabaeus" in 1779, he introduced works by Handel into the annual oratorio series given for the benefit of the Tonkunstler Society, a Viennese musical charity. In 1789, he presented "Messiah" and, for this Viennese premiere, commissioned Mozart to fill out the accompaniments, largely dispensing with keyboard continuo and replacing the tromba parts practically unplayable for late 18th century trumpeters.