Black Models

Generic group algorithms solve computational problems defined over algebraic groups without exploiting properties of a particular representation of group elements. This is modeled by treating the group as a black-box. The fact that a computational problem cannot be solved by a reasonably restricted class of algorithms may be seen as support towards the conjecture that the problem is also hard in the classical Turing machine model. Moreover, a lower complexity bound for certain algorithms is a helpful insight for the search for cryptanalytic algorithms.

Black holes are one of the most fascinating predictions of general relativity. They are the natural product of the complete gravitational collapse of matter and today we have a body of observational evidence supporting the existence of black holes in the Universe. However, general relativity predicts that at the center of black holes there are spacetime singularities, where predictability is lost and standard physics breaks down. It is widely believed that spacetime singularities are a symptom of the limitations of general relativity and must be solved within a theory of quantum gravity. Since we do not have yet any mature and reliable candidate for a quantum gravity theory, researchers have studied toy-models of singularity-free black holes and of singularity-free gravitational collapses in order to explore possible implications of the yet unknown theory of quantum gravity. This book reviews all main models of regular black holes and non-singular gravitational collapses proposed in the literature, and discuss the theoretical and observational implications of these scenarios.

The AutoCAD Electrical 2024 Black Book, the 9th edition of AutoCAD Electrical Black book, has been updated as per the enhancements in the AutoCAD Electrical 2024.

This book discusses such topics as extra-galactic radio sources, unified models of black hole accretion, wave propagation theory, cryovolcanism in the solar system, and the early oceans of Earth.