Covid Vaccines

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected nearly every country and territory in the world. Although worldwide vaccination efforts have reduced the risk of serious disease outcomes, disparities in distribution have led to multiple waves of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and the emergence of variants of concern, some of which have enhanced infectivity and ability to evade existing vaccines. Hence there is an increasing interest in understanding the evolution of viruses like SARS-CoV-2, as well as improving our capacity to effectively current and manage future pandemics.

The formulation and the technological advancements in RNA biology, chemistry, stability, and encapsulated delivery systems that have enabled the development of fully synthetic mRNA vaccines are discussed in this volume. The applications of the mRNA technology is covered, focusing on infectious diseases but also touching on other indications, such as immunotherapies and molecular therapies. Potent and long-lasting immune responses observed in animal models, encouraging data from early human clinical studies, together with the success of two mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines support the use of mRNA-based vaccination as an attractive alternative to conventional vaccine approaches.

This book presents a selection of the last two years’ learning from research and clinical practice concerning SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.

This book comprehensively reviews numerous aspects of COVID-19, including epidemiology, zoonosis, drug development, telehealth, the effects of the virus on healthcare workers, the importance of architecture, and urbanism in preventing future pandemics, and much more.