Differential Topology And Geometry

The book presents the basics of Riemannian geometry in its modern form as geometry of differentiable manifolds and the most important structures on them. The authors' approach is that the source of all constructions in Riemannian geometry is a manifold that allows one to compute scalar products of tangent vectors.

Riemannian Topology and Geometric Structures on Manifolds results from a similarly entitled conference held at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. The various contributions to this volume discuss recent advances in the areas of positive sectional curvature, Kähler and Sasaki geometry, and their interrelation to mathematical physics, notably M and superstring theory. Focusing on these fundamental ideas, this collection presents articles with original results, and plausible problems of interest for future research.

This is a free translation of a set of notes published originally in Portuguese in 1971. They were translated for a course in the College of Differential Geome­ try, ICTP, Trieste, 1989. In the English translation we omitted a chapter on the Frobenius theorem and an appendix on the nonexistence of a complete hyperbolic plane in euclidean 3-space (Hilbert's theorem). For the present edition, we introduced a chapter on line integrals. In Chapter 1 we introduce the differential forms in Rn. We only assume an elementary knowledge of calculus, and the chapter can be used as a basis for a course on differential forms for "users" of Mathematics. In Chapter 2 we start integrating differential forms of degree one along curves in Rn. This already allows some applications of the ideas of Chapter 1. This material is not used in the rest of the book. In Chapter 3 we present the basic notions of differentiable manifolds. It is useful (but not essential) that the reader be familiar with the notion ofa regular surface in R3. In Chapter 4 we introduce the notion of manifold with boundary and prove Stokes theorem and Poincare's lemma. Starting from this basic material, we could follow any of the possi­ ble routes for applications: Topology, Differential Geometry, Mechanics, Lie Groups, etc. We have chosen Differential Geometry. For simplicity, we re­ stricted ourselves to surfaces.