Entropy

This volume presents an overview of various types of advanced steels and high entropy alloys. It also discusses the current research trends, problems, and applications of engineering steels and high entropy materials. The book gives a brief overview of advances in surface protection strategies of steels and laser processing of materials (additive manufacturing).

The theme of the book is that one cannot talk about energy’s impact on our physical world without the language of both exergy and entropy, including the dual nature of the latter, and that understanding this dual nature is the key to sustainable order creation in the renewable energy era. This book aims to provide a scientific foundation/understanding on the necessity and benefits of energy transition as well as a platform for scientists/engineers for disseminating their original research findings and their scholarship on literature review on energy/entropy/exergy.

This book shows how to successfully adapt entropy measures to the complexity of environmental data. It also provides a unified framework that covers all main entropy and spatial entropy measures in the literature, with suggestions for their potential use in the analysis of environmental data such as biodiversity, land use and other phenomena occurring over space or time, or both.

The last two decades have witnessed an enormous growth with regard to ap­ plications of information theoretic framework in areas of physical, biological, engineering and even social sciences. In particular, growth has been spectac­ ular in the field of information technology,soft computing,nonlinear systems and molecular biology. Claude Shannon in 1948 laid the foundation of the field of information theory in the context of communication theory. It is in­ deed remarkable that his framework is as relevant today as was when he 1 proposed it. Shannon died on Feb 24, 2001. Arun Netravali observes "As if assuming that inexpensive, high-speed processing would come to pass, Shan­ non figured out the upper limits on communication rates.

Entropy – the key concept of thermodynamics, clearly explained and carefully illustrated. This book presents an accurate definition of entropy in classical thermodynamics which does not “put the cart before the horse” and is suitable for basic and advanced university courses in thermodynamics. Entropy is the most important and at the same time the most difficult term of thermodynamics to understand. Many students are discontent with its classical definition since it is either based on “temperature” and “heat” which both cannot be accurately defined without entropy, or since it includes concepts such as “molecular disorder” which does not fit in a macroscopic theory. The physicists Elliott Lieb and Jakob Yngvason have recently developed a new formulation of thermodynamics which is free of these problems. The Lieb-Yngvason formulation of classical thermodynamics is based on the concept of adiabatic accessibility and culminates in the entropy principle. The entropy principle represents the accurate mathematical formulation of the second law of thermodynamics. Temperature becomes a derived quantity whereas ”heat” is no longer needed. This book makes the Lieb-Yngvason theory accessible to students. The presentation is supplemented by seven illustrative examples which explain the application of entropy and the entropy principle in practical problems in science and engineering.