Gregorian Missa

The ensemble Dionysos Now! present the wonderfully captivating vocal polyphony of the Renaissance: the repertoire of Adriaen Willaert, born in Roeselare (Belgium), founder of the Venetian School.

In perpetual search of unpublished works and forgotten composers, Paul Van Nevel invites us to discover a Requiem Mass for five voices, composed in 1556 by Simone de Bonefont, canon and cantor at Clermont-Ferrand Cathedral. The Missa pro mortuis can be considered as one of the highlights of polyphonic vocal style, encompassing all the characteristics of Franco-Flemish techniques of the period. The richness of de Bonefont’s polyphonic writing and his mastery of counterpoint are truly astonishing. True to form, the Huelgas Ensemble honours this unpublished score with a powerful interpretation, delivering music of incredible luminous tranquility. The programme also includes four compositions by Franco-Flemish masters - that de Bonefont may well have heard - on one of the most profound texts of the Gregorian repertoire: Media vita in morte summus (In the midst of life we are in death).

Johannes Ockeghem was an absolute master of counterpoint who, for more than 40 years at the end of the 15th century, ruled over Franco-Flemish polyphony under three French kings, Charles VII, Louis XI and Charles VIII. His works which are still all too rarely performed continue to fascinate to this day. The Missa prolationum, together with the Missa cuiusvis toni, is a tour de force of writing, reaching levels of complexity that can impress even the most experienced performers.

Grechaninov’s long life (1864-1956) covered much, from birth in Moscow and training with Rimsky-Korsakov to exile when he was already old, and death in New York. His quiet Russian lyricism never left him, and his idiom did not range as wide as his experience. The Missa festiva is one of several attempts at reconciling Eastern and Western traditions, and to this Orthodox composer’s surprise it won a prize in 1937 for a setting of the Catholic liturgy. As in his subsequent Missa oecumenica, he tries to bring together different styles, making use of Gregorian-influenced melodies but avoiding the use of polyphony in favour of a more chordal, Russian manner; however, there is an important part for the organ. The most successful movements are the closing “Benedictus” and Agnus Dei, where his essential gentleness finds touching expression.

In this new recording, Missa Credo for soprano, saxophone and piano is conducted by the composer, Ulrich Zeitler. The work combines Gregorian melodies from the medieval church with contemporary jazz to make a fascinating fusion of styles on this hybrid SACD. For Ulrich Zeitler the Credo is a program: this deeply felt, very personal profession of faith forms the foundation in this composition. Very much in the tradition of the earliest church music, Zeitler avails himself of the “perfect division”: each metrical unit can be divided into three subunits, as a symbol of the perfection of God, of unity in three persons. The ever-present pedal point d underscores this unity,and, whether intentionally or not, the whole Credo attains a length of 333 measures!

Sergio Vartolo, the director of the Cappella Musicale di S. Petronio di Bologna, has sought to place the Mass within a liturgical sequence recalling early performance tradition. Thus it opens with the plainchant introit Gaudeamus omnes in Domino (intended for a major feast of the Virgin Mary) and after the Gloria comes a Gradual and an organ paraphrase of the hymn Ave maris stella (by Girolamo Cavazzoni), very well played by Vartolo himself. Then comes the plainchant Alleluia and, following the Credo, the Gregorian Offertory, Beata ex Virgo Maria, which leads on to the Sanctus; the communion verse precedes Palestrina’s very beautiful double Agnus Dei. The performance has striking character and powerful devotional feeling and is very well recorded in the Church of St Zeno, Cavalo, Verona.

Morales's five-part setting of the Requiem is one of the masterpieces of the 16th century and was actually published twice during his lifetime. The 'Missa pro defunctis' follows the customary pattern of the time. Each section begins with a unison Gregorian intonation, which then continues as a cantus firmus in the upper part as the other voices spin a polyphonic texture underneath. The work avoids obvious madrigalisms, but maintains an austere, meditative texture, which is both spiritual and moving.