Lagrangian

Our goal in this book is to explore some of the connections between control theory and geometric mechanics; that is, we link control theory with a g- metric view of classical mechanics in both its Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations and in particular with the theory of mechanical systems s- ject to motion constraints. This synthesis of topics is appropriate, since there is a particularly rich connection between mechanics and nonlinear control theory. While an introduction to many important aspects of the mechanics of nonholonomically constrained systems may be found in such sources as the monograph of Neimark and Fufaev [1972], the geometric view as well as the control theory of such systems remains largely sc- tered through various research journals. Our aim is to provide a uni?ed treatment of nonlinear control theory and constrained mechanical systems that will incorporate material that has not yet made its way into texts and monographs. Mechanicshastraditionallydescribedthebehavioroffreeandinteracting particles and bodies, the interaction being described by potential forces. It encompasses the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian pictures and in its modern form relies heavily on the tools of di?erential geometry (see, for example, Abraham and Marsden [1978]and Arnold [1989]). From our own point of view,ourpapersBloch,Krishnaprasad,Marsden,andMurray[1996],Bloch and Crouch [1995], and Baillieul [1998] have been particularly in?uential in the formulations presented in this book. Control Theory and Nonholonomic Systems. Control theory is the theory of prescribing motion for dynamical systems rather than describing vi Preface their observed behavior.

Introduction to fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's equation and the Control Volume Approach (Mass cons., Newton's 2nd Law)

This is the fifth edition of a well-established textbook. It is intended to provide a thorough coverage of the fundamental principles and techniques of classical mechanics, an old subject that is at the base of all of physics, but in which there has also in recent years been rapid development. The book is aimed at undergraduate students of physics and applied mathematics. It emphasizes the basic principles, and aims to progress rapidly to the point of being able to handle physically and mathematically interesting problems, without getting bogged down in excessive formalism. Lagrangian methods are introduced at a relatively early stage, to get students to appreciate their use in simple contexts. Later chapters use Lagrangian and Hamiltonian methods extensively, but in a way that aims to be accessible to undergraduates, while including modern developments at the appropriate level of detail. The subject has been developed considerably recently while retaining a truly central role for all students of physics and applied mathematics.
This edition retains all the main features of the fourth edition, including the two chapters on geometry of dynamical systems and on order and chaos, and the new appendices on conics and on dynamical systems near a critical point. The material has been somewhat expanded, in particular to contrast continuous and discrete behaviours. A further appendix has been added on routes to chaos (period-doubling) and related discrete maps. The new edition has also been revised to give more emphasis to specific examples worked out in detail.

Devoted to the subject of shape charge design using numerical methods, this book offers the defense and commercial industries unique material not contained in any other single volume. The coverage of the Lagrangian and Eulerian methods as well as the equation of state provides first hand help to engineers working on shape charge problems. The book includes detailed descriptions of oil-well perforation not available from any other sources and, coupled with the material flow physics discussed in Chapters 2 and 3 and Appendix B, readers can design the fuel rod configurations for a nuclear reactor core. The equations of state and the constitutive models in Chapter 8 are among the best material models currently available.