Molecular Biology 2021

This detailed book explores techniques used in research efforts to adopt and combine the best capabilities from natural and artificial vector systems to assemble improved delivery technologies aimed for specific applications.

This volume is a collection of protocols to install and run tools for calculation and visualiza- tion of multiple sequence alignment (MSA) and other analyses related to MSA. Following the policy of Methods in Molecular Biology, each chapter basically consists of a brief back- ground and a step-by-step guide for installation and actual analyses. Practical advice is also given in the Notes section in most chapters. The main target audience is experimental biologists who want to run MSA tools themselves. By reading a chapter in this volume, a reader should easily acquire basic usage of the associated tool. Detailed background and advanced usage are described in papers and/or webpages mentioned in each chapter.

This detailed book collects a variety of methods from investigators at the forefront of chondrocyte biology and pathology research that they have tailored for their research projects in order to tackle the unique properties and challenges of the chondrocyte and those of its tissue matrix.

This volume explores strategies and detailed protocols for the preparation of macromolecular complexes and their characterization in view of structural analysis. The chapters in this book are separated into three parts: Part One focuses on sample preparation, and covers strategies for recombinant expression of multiprotein complexes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts, for genome engineering using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and for production of specific binders such as reformatted antibodies and artificial binding proteins.