Oscillators And Oscillator Systems

Electronic oscillators using an electromechanical device as a frequency reference are irreplaceable components of systems-on-chip for time-keeping, carrier frequency generation and digital clock generation. With their excellent frequency stability and very large quality factor Q, quartz crystal resonators have been the dominant solution for more than 70 years. But new possibilities are now offered by micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) resonators, that have a qualitatively identical equivalent electrical circuit.

The following are some features of Analysis and Design of Quadrature Oscillators make it different from the existing literature on electronic oscillators: (1) focus on quadrature oscillators with accurate quadrature and low phase-noise, required by modern communication systems; (2) a detailed comparative study of quadrature LC and RC oscillators, including cross-coupled LC quasi-sinusoidal oscillators, cross-coupled RC relaxation oscillators, a quadrature RC oscillator-mixer, and two-integrator oscillators; (3) a thorough investigation of the effect of mismatches on the phase-error and the phase-noise; (4) the conclusion that quadrature RC oscillators can be a practical alternative to LC oscillators when area and cost should be minimized (in cross-coupled RC oscillators both the quadrature-error and phase-noise are reduced, whereas in LC oscillators the coupling increases the phase-noise.

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