Astrophysics

This textbook is intended as an introduction to the physics of solar and stellar coronae, emphasizing kinetic plasma processes. It is addressed to observational astronomers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates without a back­ ground in plasma physics. Coronal physics is today a vast field with many different aims and goals. Sort­ ing out the really important aspects of an observed phenomenon and using the physics best suited for the case is a formidable problem.

Physics and mathematics students are as eager as ever to become acquainted withthefoundationsofgeneralrelativityandsomeofitsmajorapplicationsin astrophysics and cosmology. I hope that this textbook gives a comprehensive and timelyintroduction toboth aspectsof thisfascinating?eld,and willturn out to be useful for undergraduate and graduate students. This book is a complete revision and extension of my previous volume ‘GeneralRelativityandRelativisticAstrophysics’thatappearedabouttwenty years ago in the Springer Series‘Texts and Monographs in Physics’; however, it cannot be regarded just as a new edition. In Part I the foundations of general relativity are thoroughly developed. Some of the more advanced topics, such as the section on the initial value problem, can be skipped in a ?rst reading. Part II is devoted to tests of general relativity and many of its app- cations. Binary pulsars – our best laboratories for general relativity – are studied in considerable detail. I have included an introduction to gravi- tional lensing theory, to the extend that the current literature on the subject should become accessible. Much space is devoted to the study of compact objects, especially to black holes. This includes a detailed derivation of the Kerr solution, Israel’s proof of his uniqueness theorem, and a derivation of the basic laws of black hole physics. Part II ends with Witten’s proof of the positive energy theorem. All the required di?erential geometric tools are developed in Part III.

As a result of significant research over the past 20 years, black holes are now linked to some of the most spectacular and exciting phenomena in the Universe, ranging in size from those that have the same mass as stars to the super-massive objects that lie at the heart of most galaxies, including our own Milky Way. This book first introduces the properties of simple isolated holes, then adds in complications like rotation, accretion, radiation, and magnetic fields, finally arriving at a basic understanding of how these immense engines work.