Ice Sea

Sea ice, which covers up to 7% of the planet s surface, is a major component of the world s oceans, partly driving ocean circulation and global climate patterns. It provides a habitat for a rich diversity of marine organisms, and is an extremely valuable source of information in studies of global climate change and the evolution of present day life forms.

When leading mountaineer Sir Chris Bonington was researching Quest for Adventure, his study of post-war adventure, he contacted Sir Robin Knox-Johnston, the first person to sail single-handed and non-stop around the world, for an interview. This simple request turned into an exchange of skills, which then grew into a joint expedition to Greenland's unexplored Lemon Mountains. Sea, Ice and Rock is the story of this epic journey.

This book presents the fundamental effect on the origin of climate change, impacts over ice cap, melting of Arctic ice, rise in sea level and related technologies that can be implemented to cultivate our land for agriculture, growing forestation to reduce the impact of temperature rise and disaster on human being as well as on other livelihood.

Some of the planet’s most extreme conditions won’t deter a handful of gold-hungry men and women whose very livelihoods depend on mining the wet and frozen gold hidden under four feet of solid ice. Split second thinking, extreme focus, and team work are key to staying alive under the ice. The risks are great, but the payoff could be even greater. Follow three gold mining teams run by driven dredge captains who take their crews through the ice into the black waters of the Bering Sea beneath. Only an omnipresent fear of death separates these miners from their fortunes. These intrepid teams face the brutal physical and psychological effects of cold water, including hypothermia, hypoxia, hypercapnia, vertigo, and frostbite.

The Arctic is thawing. In summer, cruise ships sail through the once ice-clogged Northwest Passage, lakes form on top of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and polar bears swim farther and farther in search of waning ice floes. At the opposite end of the world, floating Antarctic ice shelves are shrinking. Mountain glaciers are in retreat worldwide, unleashing flash floods and avalanches. We are on thin ice—and with melting permafrost's potential to let loose still more greenhouse gases, these changes may be just the beginning.